2019年高考全国卷秋季科学备考研讨会 高中教师英语学科核心素养培训体会 英语学科——何思萍
来源：时间：2019-10-08 浏览：
提纲：（一）主要学习内容（二）心得体会与反思（三）改进措施和做法
（一）主要学习内容
第四部分 词汇教学
词汇知识内容要求：
（1）词汇中的任何词语都是通过一定的句法关系和语义关系与其他词语建立起一定联系的，并在语境中传递信息的。学习词汇不只是记忆词的音、形、义，更重要的是在语篇中，通过听、说、读、看、写等语言活动，理解和表达与主题相关的信息或观点。
（2）高中阶段的词汇教学除了引导学生更深入地理解和更广泛地运用已学词汇以外，重点是要在语境中培养学生的词块意识，并通过广泛阅读，进一步扩大词汇量，提高运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能力。
必修词汇知识要求：
（1）了解词汇的词根、词缀，掌握词性的变化规律，并用于理解和表达有关主题的信息和观点；
（2）在语境中，根据不同的主题，运用词汇命名相关事物，进行指代，描述行为、过程和特征，说明概念等；
（3）累计掌握2000-2100个单词。
★选择性必修词汇知识要求：
（1）在语境中，理解具体词语的功能、词义的内涵和外延以及作者的意图和态度等；
（2）根据不同的主题，梳理词语，并用于理解和表达相关的信息；
（3）学习形容词与名词、动词与副词、动词与名词等的习惯搭配，逐渐积累词块，确切表达意思、描述事物；
（4）在比较复杂的语境中，运用恰当词汇命名事物，进行指代，描述事件发生，描述特征，说明概念等；
（5）累计掌握3000-3200个单词。
★提高类选修词汇知识要求：
（1）运用构词法知识，扩大词汇量，结合各种主题意境，积累词块，深度学习词语，在表达各种信息时提高词语使用的准确性和丰富性；
（2）在特定的语境中，有效地使用同义词、近义词、反义词，正确理解和确切表达比较复杂的主题意义和观点；
（3）根据话题、语境、场合和人际关系等各种因素，选择适当的词语进行比较流利的交流和表达；
（4）累计掌握4000 - 4200个单词。
Part One 必会动词词组
Part Three 同义提升词汇
Part four 词义的内涵和外延；
第五部分 语法教学
语法知识内容要求（简略）
（1）运用所学的语法知识，理解口头和书面语篇的基本意义，描述真实和想象世界中的人和物、情景和事件，简单地表达观点、意图和情感态度。
（2）在语篇中理解和使用非谓语动词形式。
（3）在语篇中理解和使用各种时态和语态。
（4）在语篇中理解和使用定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句。
（5）在语篇中理解和使用简单的省略句。
（6）在语篇中借助五类句子成分（动词短语、名词短语、形容词短语、副词短语、介词短语）有选择地对长句和难句进行分析。
★非谓语动词+定语从句案例（掌握表达性技能）
★常用句型学习：
★句型多样化学习：
★多样化句型的运用：
★难长句语法、句法分析：
第六部分 语篇教学
语篇知识要求（必修）
1. 记叙文和说明文语篇的主要写作目的（如：再现经历、传递信息、说明事实、想象创作）以及这类语篇的结构特征（如：该类语篇的必要组成部分和可选组成部分、各组成部分顺序等）；
2. 日常生活中常见的语篇结构、基本格式及语言特点；
3. 新闻报道的常见语篇结构、标题特征和语言特点；
4. 语篇中的显性衔接和连贯手段，如：通过使用代词、连接词、省略句、替代等手段来实现的指代、连接、省略、替代等衔接关系；
5. 语篇中的段首句、主题句、过渡句的作用、位置及行文特征；
6. 语境在语篇中理解和语篇所产出过程中的作用；语境与语篇结构、语篇内容的关系，比如：通过语境预测语篇内容，通过语篇内容推测语篇发生的语境。
★语篇知识要求（选择性必修）
1. 散文、诗歌、广告、访谈等语篇的主要目的（如：表达情感、娱乐、获取或传递信息）以及这些语篇类型的语篇结构特征；
2. 议论文语篇的朱涛写作目的及其主要语篇结构特征及论证方法；
3. 文学语篇的写作风格和主要语言特征；
4. 正式和非正式语篇、口头语书面语篇的语言特征及差异；
5. 语篇中的信息组织方式，如：语篇中新旧信息的布局及承接关系；
6. 语法结构在组织语篇中的作用，如：通过被动语态或调整主从复合句中主句和从句的位置，在剧中合理安排重要信息的位置，以提高语篇的连贯性；
7. 语篇成分（如：句子、句群、段落）之间的语义逻辑关系，如：次序关系、因果关系、概括与例证的关系。
第七部分 文化知识
物质方面：饮食、服饰、建筑、交通、发明与创造等。
精神方面：哲学、科学、教育、历史、文学、艺术、价值观、道德修养、审美情趣、
社会规约、风俗习惯等。
文化知识要求（必修）
1.了解英美等国家的主要传统节日及其历史与现实意义；比较中外传统节日的异同，探讨中外传统节日对文化认同、文化传承的价值和意义；
2. 了解英美等国家的主要习俗；对比中国的主要习俗，尊重和包容文化的多样性；
3.了解英美等国家主流体育运动，感悟中外体育精神的共同诉求；
4. 了解英美等国家的文学家、艺术家、科学家、政治家及其成就、贡献等，学习和借鉴人类文明的优秀成果；
5. 发现并理解语篇中包含的不同文化元素，理解其中寓意；
6. 理解常用英语成语和俗语的文化内涵；对比英汉语中常用成语和俗语的表达方式，感悟语言和文化的密切关系；
7. 在学习活动中初步感知和体验英语语言的美；
8. 了解英美等国家人们在行为举止和待人接物等方面与中国人的异同，得体处理差异，自信大方，实现有效沟通。
9. 学习并初步运用英语介绍中国的传统节日和中华优秀传统文化（如京剧、文学、绘画、园林、饮食文化等），具有传播中华优秀传统文化的意识。
(2) 中国文化词汇：
1. lunar 农历
2. spring festival couplet 春联
3. firecracker 鞭炮
4. dynasty 朝代
5. celebrate the spring festival 过年
6. lantern 灯笼
7. red packets 红包
8. pay new year’s call 拜年
9. lucky money/ given money 压岁钱
10. the dinner on new year’s eve 年夜饭
11. bid farewell to the old year 辞旧岁
12. Double-ninth Day 重阳节
13. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
14. traditional opera 戏曲
15. Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节
16. motto 座右铭；格言
17. a decorative handicraft art 手工装饰艺术品
18.the Chinese zodiac 十二生肖
19. avoid bad luck 辟邪
20. totem 图腾
21. the descendants of the dragon 龙的传人
22. the typical, traditional costumes 独特的传统服饰
23. begin as early as … (start from …; originate from …) 起始于
24. a rich traditional activity 盛大的传统活动
25. Tomb-sweeping Day 清明节
26. worship ancestors 祭拜祖先
27. guess riddles 猜谜语
28. set off fireworks 放鞭炮
29. temple fairs 庙会
30. paste couplets 贴对联
31. add merry atmosphere to the festival 增加节日的气氛
32. a traditional snack 传统小吃
33. be welcomed / enjoyed by 广受欢迎 = be popular among sb
34. be rich in plenty of … 富含…
35. have a taste of childhood 有童年的味道
36. be convenient for use 便于使用
37. have a mean of good wish 有祝福的含义
38. be famous / noted / well-known for （as）… 以… 而闻名；作为… 而闻名
39. be perfectly integrated 完美融合
40. an impressive place 一个给人留下深刻印象的地方
41. Chinese paintings 国画
42. be rich in form and unique in style 形式多样，风格独特
43. open up the “Silk Road” 开辟了丝绸之路
promote the project of “One Belt, One Road” 倡议一带一路
44. have a colorful culture of folk music 有灿烂的民族音乐文化
45. an essence of Chinese culture 中国文化的精髓
46. be an integral element of Chinese culture 是中国文化不可或缺的元素
47. radiate fully the natural beauty 尽显自然之美
48. be amazed by … / be astonished at … 惊叹于…
49. be well-preserved 完好保存
50. cover an area of … 占地…
51. the most significant historical and cultural site 最重要的历史文化遗址
52. obtain its great reputation 声名远扬
53. a splendid building 辉煌的建筑
54. be located/ situated in …/lie in … 位于…
55. a miracle in human history 人类历史中的奇迹
56. have a total length of … 总长度为…
57. cultural relics 历史文化遗迹
58. natural landscapes 自然景观
59. enjoy horsemanship performance or a bonfire party 欣赏赛马比赛或篝火晚会
60. be a famous tourism city 一个著名的旅游城市
61. attract / appeal to innumerable tourists 吸引了大量的游客
62. leave lots of everlasting poems and prose 留下了大量的旷世佳作和诗篇
63. be in thousands of postures 千姿百态
64. become the symbol of Chinese spirit 成为中国精神的符号
65. begin to open to the public 开始向公众开放
66. be historical and cultural attractions 是历史文化旅游景点
67. be full of wisdom 充满了智慧
68. turn a new page in the history of China 翻开了中国历史新的一页
69. be a fantastic place for sightseeing 是观光的好地方
70. A Dream in Red Mansions; 红楼梦
Heroes of the Marshes 水浒传
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms 三国演义
The Journey to the West 西游记
(3) 中国传统文化文段：
(1) 汉语成语和寓言故事是中国语言文化和智慧宝库中耀眼夺目的明珠。每则成语有一段历史的典故，内容丰富，寓意深刻。寓言故事所具有的道德教育功能远胜于其文学价值。它们反映了中国人的价值观，它们代代相传, 深入人心。
Being an important part of the Chinese language and culture, Chinese idioms and fables are precious treasures of Chinese wisdom. They are rich in content and have profound meanings as well. The merits of these stories lie not so much in their literary worth as in the common folk wisdom they convey. The significance of these folktales is the display of Chinese values. These Chinese values have been passed down from one generation to the next / another through the telling of tales.
(2) 在中国的传统中，中国人一贯把运动看成是强身健体和娱乐的方式。例如：端午节的龙舟比赛、重阳节的登山、农历新年的舞龙，舞狮。作为一个具有几千年传承的多元化文化传统的国家，中国已经在世界体育里占有了重要的地位，丰富了人类文明的体育文化。
Traditionally, Chinese people view sports as an essential method for fit-keeping as well as for entertainment, like the dragon-boat race during the Dragon-boat Festival, mountain-climbing during the Double-ninth Festival and dragon-dance and lion-dance during the Spring Festival. Being a country with diverse cultural traditions passed down from one generation to another over thousands of years, China is playing an important part in the sporting world and enriching the sports culture of human
(3) 中国结是一种中华民族特有的手工编织工艺品，具有悠久的历史。它始于远古，发展于唐宋，流行于明清。中国结经常被用来表示良好的祝愿，包括幸福、繁荣、爱情和辟邪。它是中国人代代传承下来的民间手工艺品，代表着中国传统文化的精髓。
Traditional Chinese knots are typical arts ofChinawith a long history. It appeared in ancient time, developed in Tang and Song Dynasties and publicized in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Chinese knots are often used to express good wishes, including happiness, prosperity, love and the absence of evil. Chinese knot has been passed down from generation to generation as a folk handicraft with profound cultural connotations.
(4) 在中国的传统文化中，人际关系讲究“和为贵 ”。
In Chinese tradition, when it comes to personal relationship, people mean harmony is the most significant.
(5) 它是中华民族优秀文化的精髓，承载着这个古老民族的精神追求和民族特点。
It is not only the essence of the nation’s splendid cultures but also carries the nation’s spiritual
seeking/pursuit and national characteristics.
(6) 在中国的传统文化中，龙是这个民族的图腾。即：中国人是龙的传人。
In the traditional Chinese culture, dragon is the nation’s totem, namely, the Chinese are its posterities.
(7) 想要了解中国和中国人，就必须了解汉语和汉字。目前，传播汉语的孔子学院遍布世界各国，它们搭起了世界了解中国和中国了解世界的桥梁。
To understandChinaand the Chinese, one ought to set about understanding the Chinese language and its characters. Nowadays, Kongzi Institutes for foreigners to learn the Chinese language have been set up/founded almost all over the world. They have set up the bridge between the foreigners who want to know about China and its cultures and the Chinese who are ready to get close to foreign cultures.
(8) 丝绸之路是一个国际通道，历史悠久。它在中西文化交流之间建立了一座桥梁。
TheSilk Roadwas an international passage with historical significance. It helped to promote the exchange of the western and eastern communications as well as civilizations.
(9) 每年农历的八月十五是中国传统的中秋节。每当这个节日到来，人们都会回家团聚，而那些不能回家的人则眺望明月，思念家人和故乡。
The 15th day of every 8th lunar month is the traditional Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival. When the festival comes on, people will go all the way home to join their family in the celebration, while those unable to reunite with their family will watch the full moon hanging high in the sky and give best wishes to their hometown and all the folks in their heart.
(10) 书法是借助文字来陶冶情操，抒发情感的艺术。它是汉字独有的艺术，也是深受中国和世界人民喜爱的艺术形式。虽然书法以汉字为表达工具，但是欣赏书法并非要懂中文。在中国文化中，书法历史悠久，并且因其抽象和庄严而被公认为是最有启迪性力量的艺术形式。在中国百姓看来，书法不仅是结交朋友的一种好方法，而且能够保健身体。
Chinese calligraphy is an art of self-cultivation and self-expression with Chinese characters. It reflects the mood of the writer and has the unique beauty of Chinese script. Today, it is enjoyed by people throughout the world. One doesn’t have to know Chinese while appreciating its beauty since calligraphy use Chinese characters as its vehicles to communicate the spiritual world of the artist. In Chinese history, calligraphy dates from the earliest day, and has been widely practiced throughoutChinauntil the present day. It is so abstract and sublime that in Chinese culture it is taken as the most enlightening art form. For the Chinese average people, practicing calligraphy is not only a good means to make friends but also helps people build up their bodies. (= but also benefits people in keeping fit.)
(11) 中国饮食文化
1. 筷子起源于古代中国，后来传入越南、日本和韩国。
Chopsticks originated in ancient China and later spread to Vietnam, Japan and South Korea.
2. 筷子可以用很多材料制作。例如：动物骨头、竹子、木头、银子等。
Chopsticks can be made of animal's bones, bamboo, wood silver and other materials. However, most of them are made of wood and bamboo nowadays.
3. 筷子既使用方便，有经济实惠。所以，逐渐成为亚洲文化的重要象征。
Chopsticks are convenient for use and cheap in price. So they have evolved into an important symbol of Asian culture.
4. 用餐时，人们习惯将筷子夹在拇指和其他手指之间，用于夹起食物。用筷子随意拨弄盘中的菜肴是极为不礼貌的行为。在中国的很多地方，长辈不动筷子，晚辈是不可以先夹食物的。这遵循的是尊老的传统美德。
During the meal, chopsticks are held between the thumb and one of the fingers. And in this way, people can pick up pieces of food. It is bad manners to stir up the dishes in the plates as one likes. In quite a lot of places inChina, the younger ones are not permitted to pick up food before their older family members
start to eat, which is a good behavior to respect the elderly people.
(4) 中外成语：
一举两得 kill two birds with one stone
七上八下 have butterflies in one’s stomach
本性难移 The leopard can’t change its spots.
害群之马 the black sheep of the society
不入虎穴焉得虎子 Nothing venture, nothing gain
畏缩不前 have one’s tail between one’s legs
滴水穿石 The waters wear the stones.
班门弄斧 teach one’s grandmother how to suck eggs
画蛇添足 paint the lily
见树不见林 can not see the wood for the trees
人不可貌相 One cannot judge a tree by its bark.
趁热打铁 Strike while the iron is hot.
改过自新 change one’s habits for the better
观其行而知其人 A person should be judged by his deeds, not by his words.
化干戈为玉帛 beat swords into plowshares
独木不成林 One tree doesn’t make a forest.
远亲不如近邻 Better neighbors that is near than a brother far off.
半瓶醋响叮当 Empty vessels make the most noise.
无风不起浪 There is no smoke without fire.
海底捞针 look for a needle in a haystack
言多必失 When words are many, sin is not absent.=Holding one’s tongue is wise.
防微杜渐 nip in the bud
三个臭皮匠胜过诸葛亮 Two heads are better than one.
心有余而力不足 The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak.
笔比剑更有力 The pen is mightier than the sword.
了如指掌 understand someone like the palm of one’s hands
星星之火可以燎原 A single fire can start a prairie fire.
捷足先登 The early bird catches the worms.
设身处地 be in another man’s shoes
泰然自若 look as cool as a cucumber
茅塞顿开 The scales fall from one’s eyes.
种瓜得瓜种豆得豆 As a man sows, so he shall reap.
锦上添花 apples of gold in pictures of silver
For people who suffer from disasters, the urgent need is not “apples of gold in pictures of silver” but “fuel in snowy weather”.
身教胜于言教。 Acts speak louder than words.
正人先正己。 He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.
有所尝试，才能有所作为。Something attempted, something done.
吃一堑，长一智。 Experience is the best teacher.
众人拾柴火焰高。 Many hands make light work.
今天的事不要拖到明天。 Never leave that until tomorrow, which you can do today.
(5) 外国文化：
(1) Christmas is a festival celebrated by Christians on December 25th to mark the birth of Jesus Christ.
Most western nations now celebrate Christmas from December 24 (Christmas Eve) through January 1st or 6th. Over the years, many nations have celebrated Christmas in their own way, leading to an abundance of different customs and traditions for celebrating the holiday.
(2) April Fool’s Day falls on the first day of April when people play tricks on others, especially telling them something that is not true. It is an interesting festival which is said to originate in France.
(3) William Shakespeare is considered the greatest writer and poet of the English language. He wrote 37 plays all throughout his life, of which his early play Romeo and Juliet was the most famous. His works were popular because they accurately showed human natures and characters.
(4) A tip is extra money given to a server, such as a waiter or taxi driver to reward particularly good
service. Tipping probably originated inLondonduring the 18th century. Tipping is a common
practice in various countries, especially inAmerica. It is because the employers in theU.S.are permitted to pay the waiters or waitresses in restaurants below the government-decreed minimum hourly wage.
(5) Mother’s Day is celebrated on the second Sunday in May. On this occasion, Mother usually receives greeting cards and gifts from her husband and children. For most mothers, the rarest and best gift is a day of rest. Often, families honor Mother by taking her out for a big dinner so that Mom can spend a while day away from the kitchen. Besides, flowers are an important part of the holiday. Mothers are often given carnation.
(6) Baseball is so popular a sport in the United States that it is considered as America’s national game. Almost every city in the country has one or more baseball leagues. When a new season comes, the president of theUnited Stateswill get to the field and throw out the first ball of the sea – the opening pitch. Unlike the other games – basketball and football, baseball is an ideal sport for individual performances rather than community’s.
(7) Charles Dickens was an English author, generally considered the most popular writer of the 1800s. His books reflect his observations and personal experience with the lives of the rich and poor inLondonduring the time of QueenVictoria. He tried to use his vivid descriptions of the suffering of the poor to help improve their situations, especially in his stories of poor children and orphans. His most famous books about poor children are Oliver Twist (1838), David Copperfield (1850), and Great Expectations (1861). So far, his works have enjoyed great popularity among the youth and teenagers all over the world.
第八部分 语言技能 新课程标准 (必修)
关注点1：
1. 根据上下文语境准确使用词汇，尤其是动词；
2. 审题意识和过程意识；
3. 构思写作提纲，拓展和填充支撑素材；
4. 提升逻辑思维能力；
5. 得体性和交际性；
6. 强调四种意识：目的意识、读者意识、任务意识、礼貌意识。
关注点2：
1. 依靠背诵和套模板的教学和写作模式已经不灵验了；
2. 缺乏语境和语用意识会导致高考写作分数的丢失；
3. 补充恰当的细节，增加灵活度和自由发挥的空间已经成为今后的趋势；
4. 具有扎实语言表达基本功、行文连贯、得体交际的考生才是胜者。
（二）心得体会与反思
1.注重研究和细节。
2.学生的解题能力是教师讲出来的。
3.站在学生的角度思考，调整教学思路，教课，辅导，选题，一定要有针对性。
（三）改进措施和做法
1.备课会互相交流讲课心得。
2.抓好早读，课堂，课后作业。
3.每日一练，周练出题要创新，有新意，有针对性，内容具体，有开放性，立足考查的落脚点，直击学生的困惑点。比如，回来后我给大家出了一张每日一练。
每日一练24
一，多项选择题
答案1. ABCD 2.BC 3.ABCD 4.ABCD 5.AD
1. I’ve always believed that happiness ________ than money.
A. matters more B. counts more C. is more important D. is more valuable
2. It is high time that we should take some measures to protect endangered animals.(选择与划线部分有同义词的选项)
A. weights and measures B. safety measures
C. an emergency measure D. beyond measure
3. 哪组是同义词块？
A. count sb. as…/consider sb. as… B. count on/depend on
C. account for/make up D. in some measure/ to some degree/to a certain degree
4. 那组单词形式是正确的？
A. argument, measurement B. extremely, possibly
C. writing , waiting D. occurred, referred
5. 在我看来，应该采取更多有效的措施来缓解交通压力。
________, more effective measures should ___________to relieve the heavy traffic.
A. Personally speaking , be taken B. In my opinion, takes
C. From my point of view, taking D. As far as I am concerned, be taken
二、根据汉语和英语提示用恰当的词或短语完成句子。二、1. accounts for 2. occurred to him 3. accurate 4. considerable 5. considerate 6.is located 7. Located 8.be exposed to,
9.exposed to 10.is picking up
. My study time (占) ____________________80% of my daily life. (account)
2. The idea _________________________(出现在他的头脑中) in a dream . (occur)
3. It’s difficult to get ________figures on population numbers.(exact/precise的同义词)
4. The project wasted a(n) _____________(consider)amount of time and money.
5.We have all wished for men who are more (体贴的)___________________.(consider)
6.The factory ___________________on this street.(坐落于)（locate）
7.________________(坐落于)on this street, the factory is easy to find.(locate)
8.In the future you will __________________more and more choice.(expose)
9. But the world is full of things that grow stronger when _____________stress.(expose)
10. The wind______ _______ _______ (越刮越大) now. (pick)
